Gal became Officier des Arts et des Lettres and was awarded the gold medal for distinguished services by the French government. He was Vice-President of the national retirement fund for the arts (IRCEC), administrator of the Society of Independent Artists (Vice-President from 1976 to 1981), administrator of the Taylor Foundation and administrator of the ADAGP. He was influenced by the French Impressionists and specialised in painting young, pretty Parisian girls, whom he observed in every situation of their busy day, from their private life, across typical Parisian scenes, in the bustle of the cafes or in the world of theatre and dance, as far as at the beaches and at the fashionable horse races.Īlongside his painting, François Gall had important administrative roles in the arts. In 1930 he obtained a grant from the Hungarian government and settled in Paris in 1936 where he trained with Devambez at the École Nationale des Beaux-Arts.
#FRANCIS GALL MANUAL#
Geological Survey Professional Paper 1453.Washington, DC: United States Government Printing Office.François Gall studied in Rome at the Accademia de Belle Arti while performing manual jobs. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Geological Survey Professional Paper 1395. Gall stereographic parameters are as follows:īugayevskiy, L. Some distortion properties are not maintained when an ellipsoid is used. For an ellipsoid, the semimajor axis is used for the radius. Gall stereographic is supported on spheres only. This projection can be used for general world maps not requiring accurate areas, and its phenomena change with longitude, although its use is not recommended due to extreme distortion in polar regions. Along any given latitude, distortion values are constant. Distortion increases away from the standard parallels, and it is extreme at the polar regions. The projection has correct scale and no distortion along the standard parallels at 45° north and south.
Shapes, areas, distances, directions, and angles are all generally distorted. The Gall stereographic projection is neither conformal nor equal-area. The graticule is symmetric across the equator and the central meridian. The spacing between the parallels increases from the equator to the poles. The parallels and both poles are straight lines, perpendicular to meridians and the same length as the projected equator. The meridians are equally spaced straight lines. Gall stereographic is a cylindric projection. The subsections below describe the Gall stereographic projection properties. The Gall stereographic projection centered on Greenwich is shown.
#FRANCIS GALL PRO#
It is available in ArcGIS Pro 1.0 and later and in ArcGIS Desktop 8.0 and later. This projection was introduced by James Gall in 1855. It can be constructed geometrically by projecting the globe onto a secant cylinder from the point on the equator opposite the given central meridian. The projection is a special case of the perspective cylindrical projection with the perspective ratio of 1 and the standard parallel at 45°. The Gall stereographic projection is a cylindrical map projection with two standard parallels at latitudes 45° north and south.
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